A pure sample of DNA or RNA is the starting point for many molecular biology applications.

>Genetic Sequencing (e.g., whole genome, exome, targeted sequencing)
>PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) for gene amplification
>Cloning and Recombinant DNA Technology
>DNA Microarray Analysis for gene expression profiling
>Gene Synthesis and vector construction
>Forensic DNA Profiling
>Genotyping and SNP Analysis
>In vitro Transcription for RNA synthesis from DNA
>DNA-based Vaccines development
>Phylogenetic Studies for evolutionary analysis
>Metagenomic Studies for analyzing environmental DNA (eDNA)
>DNA Storage and Computing (e.g., DNA data storage)
>Gene Therapy Research
>Synthetic Biology Applications
>Mutation Detection and molecular diagnostics (e.g., for cancer)
>Protein Expression Studies (e.g., using plasmids in bacterial systems)
>Agricultural Biotechnology (e.g., transgenic plant development)